Browse Forums Interior Decorating Lounge 1 Sep 17, 2007 6:50 pm I’m up dating my tips page on my website, I want to do questions and answers for the page.
So….what would be a question regarding colour, design or decoration you would ask someone like me? Ask the question, I will reply then I will use the questions and answers on my tips page. THANKS Internal and External Building and Colour Consultant Online - Worldwide http://www.denovoconcepts.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 3Sep 17, 2007 6:58 pm In relation to what I do…..design wise that is!
Nothing naughty!! Internal and External Building and Colour Consultant Online - Worldwide http://www.denovoconcepts.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 4Sep 17, 2007 7:33 pm whats the best way to make small bedrooms look bigger? colourscheme wise Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 5Sep 17, 2007 7:39 pm Q) What’s the best way to make small bedrooms look bigger? Colour scheme wise.
A) Keep your colour neutral….light and bright. No heavy colours. Whites and off whites neutral tones, are the best for small spaces. Good question by the way! Internal and External Building and Colour Consultant Online - Worldwide http://www.denovoconcepts.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 7Sep 17, 2007 8:32 pm Q) I am thinking about feature walls, would you recommend wall paper as an alternative to dark paints?
I have noticed darker paints show any plaster imperfections. A) You will always see plaster imperfections, regardless of light or dark paint colours. Trick here is to get a good plaster! Wallpaper is very much in vogue again, there are some great designs out now. To use wallpaper means having a good look at your decoration and colour throughout your home and choosing one that complements your scheme. I like the new designs, and have no hesitation to recommend the use of wallpaper as a feature wall. Another good question! Internal and External Building and Colour Consultant Online - Worldwide http://www.denovoconcepts.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 8Sep 17, 2007 8:38 pm Is there such a things as too many colours?? I have reverted to username - mattwalker Carlisle Homes - Grande 43 My building experience is here: http://www.ourgrandeplan.blogspot.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 9Sep 17, 2007 8:42 pm No….you can use as much LIME GREEN as you like Matt!!!
Is this a serous question from you? MATT….finally…..A photo of you!!!!! Hey good looken Internal and External Building and Colour Consultant Online - Worldwide http://www.denovoconcepts.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 10Sep 17, 2007 8:52 pm Best I could do a short notice. I have reverted to username - mattwalker Carlisle Homes - Grande 43 My building experience is here: http://www.ourgrandeplan.blogspot.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 11Sep 17, 2007 8:54 pm What about:
Is there such a thing as two colours that just don't go together? I have reverted to username - mattwalker Carlisle Homes - Grande 43 My building experience is here: http://www.ourgrandeplan.blogspot.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 13Sep 17, 2007 9:01 pm Adrian B What is the average airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow? Adrian: After spending some time last month trying to develop alternate graphic presentations for kinematic ratios in winged flight, I decided to try to answer one of the timeless questions of science: just what is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow? What do you mean, an African or European Swallow? To begin with, I needed basic kinematic data on African and European swallow species. South African Swallow (Hirundo spilodera) European Swallow (Hirundo rustica) Although 47 of the 74 worldwide swallow species are found in Africa,1 only two species are named after the continent: the West African Swallow (Hirundo domicella) and the South African Swallow (Hirundo spilodera), also known as the South African Cave Swallow. Since the range of the South African Swallow extends only as far north as Zaire,2 I felt fairly confident that this was the non-migratory African species referred to in previous discussions of the comparative and cooperative weight-bearing capabilities of African and European swallows.3 Kinematic data for both African species was difficult to find, but the Barn or European Swallow (Hirundo rustica) has been studied intensively, and kinematic data for that species was readily available. It’s a simple question of weight ratios A 54-year survey of 26,285 European Swallows captured and released by the Avian Demography Unit of the University of Capetown finds that the average adult European swallow has a wing length of 12.2 cm and a body mass of 20.3 grams.4 Because wing beat frequency and wing amplitude both scale with body mass,5 and flight kinematic data is available for at least 22 other bird species,6 it should be possible to estimate the frequency (f ) and amplitude (A) of the European Swallow by a comparison with similar species. With those two numbers, it will be possible to estimate airspeed (U). In order to maintain airspeed velocity, a swallow needs to beat its wings forty-three times every second, right? Actually, wrong. By comparing the European Swallow with bird species of similar body mass, we can estimate that the swallow beats its wings 18 times a second with an amplitude of 18 cm: Species Body mass Frequency Amplitude Zebra Finch 13 g 27 Hz 11 cm European Swallow 20 g ≈ 18 Hz? ≈ 18 cm? Downy Woodpecker 27 g 14 Hz 29 cm Budgerigar 34 g 14 Hz 15 cm Note that even the tiny Zebra Finch flaps its wings no more than 27 times a second while cruising. If we ignore body mass and look only at bird species with a similar wingspan, we can estimate an average frequency of 14 beats per second and an amplitude of 23 cm: Species Wingspan Frequency Amplitude Budgerigar 27 cm 14 Hz 15 cm European Swallow ≈ 28–30 cm ≈ 14 Hz? ≈ 23 cm? Downy Woodpecker 31 cm 14 Hz 29 cm European Starling 35 cm 14 Hz 26 cm By averaging all 6 values, we can estimate that an average European Swallow flies at cruising speed with a frequency of roughly 15 beats per second, and an amplitude of roughly 22 cm. Skip a bit, Brother Last month’s article on The Strouhal Number in Cruising Flight showed how simplified flight waveforms that graph amplitude versus wavelength can be useful for visualizing the Strouhal ratio (fA/U), a dimensionless parameter that tends to fall in the range of 0.2–0.4 during efficient cruising flight. For a European Swallow flying with our estimated wingbeat amplitude of 24 cm, the predicted pattern of cruising flight ranges from a Strouhal number (St) of 0.2: ... to a less efficient 0.4: If the first diagram (St = 0.2) is accurate, then the cruising speed of the European Swallow would be roughly 16 meters per second (15 beats per second * 1.1 meters per beat). If the second diagram (St = 0.4) is accurate, then the cruising speed of the European Swallow would be closer to 8 meters per second (15 beats per second * 0.55 meters per beat). If we settle on an intermediate Strouhal value of 0.3: We can estimate the airspeed of the European Swallow to be roughly 11 meters per second (15 beats per second * 0.73 meters per beat). Three shall be the number thou shalt count Airspeed can also be predicted using a published formula. By inverting this midpoint Strouhal ratio of 0.3 (fA/U ≈ 0.3), Graham K. Taylor et al. show that as a rule of thumb, the speed of a flying animal is roughly 3 times frequency times amplitude (U ≈ 3fA).5 We now need only plug in the numbers: U ≈ 3fA f ≈ 15 (beats per second) A ≈ 0.22 (meters per beat) U ≈ 3*15*0.22 ≈ 9.9 ... to estimate that the airspeed velocity of an unladen European Swallow is 10 meters per second. Oh, yeah, I agree with that With some further study, it became clear that these estimates are accurate, though perhaps coincidental. An actual study of two European Swallows flying in a low-turbulence wind tunnel in Lund, Sweden, shows that swallows flap their wings much slower than my estimate, at only 7–9 beats per second: “Compared with other species of similar size, the swallow has quite low wingbeat frequency and relatively long wings.” 7 The maximum speed the birds could maintain was 13–14 meters per second, and although the Lund study does not discuss cruising flight in particular, the most efficient flapping (7 beats per second) occurred at an airspeed in the range of 8–11 meters per second, with an amplitude of 90–100° (17–19 cm). And there was much rejoicing Averaging the above numbers and plugging them in to the Strouhal equation for cruising flight (fA/U = 7 beats per second * 0.18 meters per beat / 9.5 meters per second) yields a Strouhal number of roughly 0.13: ... indicating a surprisingly efficient flight pattern falling well below the expected range of 0.2–0.4. Although a definitive answer would of course require further measurements, published species-wide averages of wing length and body mass, initial Strouhal estimates based on those averages and cross-species comparisons, the Lund wind tunnel study of birds flying at a range of speeds, and revised Strouhal numbers based on that study all lead me to estimate that the average cruising airspeed velocity of an unladen European Swallow is roughly 11 meters per second, or 24 miles an hour. What is the capital of Assyria? For those looking for additional answers, the four capitals of Assyria were Ashur (or Qalat Sherqat), Calah (or Nimrud), the short-lived Dur Sharrukin (or Khorsabad), and Nineveh.8 The ruins of all four ancient cities fall within the modern state of Iraq. References Thank to everyone who has written in with comments and questions. Responses are posted here, along with a revised estimate from Dr Graham K. Taylor, and some alternate theories. 1. Chris & Tilde Stuart Birds of Africa: From Seabirds to Seed-Eaters MIT Press (1999) 2. G. L. Maclean Roberts’ Birds of Southern Africa John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town, South Africa (1985) 3. Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Eric Idle, Terry Gilliam, Terry Jones, Michael Palin Monty Python and the Holy Grail Python (Monty) Pictures Ltd. (1975) 4. Avian Demography Unit SAFRING results of the European Swallow (Hirundo rustica) Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town (2002) 5. Graham K. Taylor, Robert L. Nudds, Adrian L. R. Thomas Flying and swimming animals cruise at a Strouhal number tuned for high power efficiency Nature 425, 707–711 (October 16, 2003) 6. Email correspondence with Graham K. Taylor of the University of Oxford Zoology Department (October 22–23, 2003) 7. Kirsty J. Park, Mikael Rosén, Anders Hedenström Flight kinematics of the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) over a wide range of speeds in a wind tunnel The Journal of Experimental Biology 204, 2741–2750 (2001) 8. Ashur Cherry Assyrian History The Mesopotamian Encyclopedia (2001) I have reverted to username - mattwalker Carlisle Homes - Grande 43 My building experience is here: http://www.ourgrandeplan.blogspot.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 14Sep 17, 2007 9:03 pm Adrian B What is the average airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow? No swallows in my homes Adrian!!! Matt I’m already answering the first question….give me a break! Internal and External Building and Colour Consultant Online - Worldwide http://www.denovoconcepts.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 15Sep 17, 2007 9:05 pm Audio Visual Dreams Adrian B What is the average airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow? Adrian: Estimating the Airspeed Velocity of an Unladen Swallow Hashing out the classic question with Strouhal numbers and simplified flight waveforms. by Jonathan Corum After spending some time last month trying to develop alternate graphic presentations for kinematic ratios in winged flight, I decided to try to answer one of the timeless questions of science: just what is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow? What do you mean, an African or European Swallow? To begin with, I needed basic kinematic data on African and European swallow species. South African Swallow (Hirundo spilodera) European Swallow (Hirundo rustica) Although 47 of the 74 worldwide swallow species are found in Africa,1 only two species are named after the continent: the West African Swallow (Hirundo domicella) and the South African Swallow (Hirundo spilodera), also known as the South African Cave Swallow. Since the range of the South African Swallow extends only as far north as Zaire,2 I felt fairly confident that this was the non-migratory African species referred to in previous discussions of the comparative and cooperative weight-bearing capabilities of African and European swallows.3 Kinematic data for both African species was difficult to find, but the Barn or European Swallow (Hirundo rustica) has been studied intensively, and kinematic data for that species was readily available. It’s a simple question of weight ratios A 54-year survey of 26,285 European Swallows captured and released by the Avian Demography Unit of the University of Capetown finds that the average adult European swallow has a wing length of 12.2 cm and a body mass of 20.3 grams.4 Because wing beat frequency and wing amplitude both scale with body mass,5 and flight kinematic data is available for at least 22 other bird species,6 it should be possible to estimate the frequency (f ) and amplitude (A) of the European Swallow by a comparison with similar species. With those two numbers, it will be possible to estimate airspeed (U). In order to maintain airspeed velocity, a swallow needs to beat its wings forty-three times every second, right? Actually, wrong. By comparing the European Swallow with bird species of similar body mass, we can estimate that the swallow beats its wings 18 times a second with an amplitude of 18 cm: Species Body mass Frequency Amplitude Zebra Finch 13 g 27 Hz 11 cm European Swallow 20 g ≈ 18 Hz? ≈ 18 cm? Downy Woodpecker 27 g 14 Hz 29 cm Budgerigar 34 g 14 Hz 15 cm Note that even the tiny Zebra Finch flaps its wings no more than 27 times a second while cruising. If we ignore body mass and look only at bird species with a similar wingspan, we can estimate an average frequency of 14 beats per second and an amplitude of 23 cm: Species Wingspan Frequency Amplitude Budgerigar 27 cm 14 Hz 15 cm European Swallow ≈ 28–30 cm ≈ 14 Hz? ≈ 23 cm? Downy Woodpecker 31 cm 14 Hz 29 cm European Starling 35 cm 14 Hz 26 cm By averaging all 6 values, we can estimate that an average European Swallow flies at cruising speed with a frequency of roughly 15 beats per second, and an amplitude of roughly 22 cm. Skip a bit, Brother Last month’s article on The Strouhal Number in Cruising Flight showed how simplified flight waveforms that graph amplitude versus wavelength can be useful for visualizing the Strouhal ratio (fA/U), a dimensionless parameter that tends to fall in the range of 0.2–0.4 during efficient cruising flight. For a European Swallow flying with our estimated wingbeat amplitude of 24 cm, the predicted pattern of cruising flight ranges from a Strouhal number (St) of 0.2: ... to a less efficient 0.4: If the first diagram (St = 0.2) is accurate, then the cruising speed of the European Swallow would be roughly 16 meters per second (15 beats per second * 1.1 meters per beat). If the second diagram (St = 0.4) is accurate, then the cruising speed of the European Swallow would be closer to 8 meters per second (15 beats per second * 0.55 meters per beat). If we settle on an intermediate Strouhal value of 0.3: We can estimate the airspeed of the European Swallow to be roughly 11 meters per second (15 beats per second * 0.73 meters per beat). Three shall be the number thou shalt count Airspeed can also be predicted using a published formula. By inverting this midpoint Strouhal ratio of 0.3 (fA/U ≈ 0.3), Graham K. Taylor et al. show that as a rule of thumb, the speed of a flying animal is roughly 3 times frequency times amplitude (U ≈ 3fA).5 We now need only plug in the numbers: U ≈ 3fA f ≈ 15 (beats per second) A ≈ 0.22 (meters per beat) U ≈ 3*15*0.22 ≈ 9.9 ... to estimate that the airspeed velocity of an unladen European Swallow is 10 meters per second. Oh, yeah, I agree with that With some further study, it became clear that these estimates are accurate, though perhaps coincidental. An actual study of two European Swallows flying in a low-turbulence wind tunnel in Lund, Sweden, shows that swallows flap their wings much slower than my estimate, at only 7–9 beats per second: “Compared with other species of similar size, the swallow has quite low wingbeat frequency and relatively long wings.” 7 The maximum speed the birds could maintain was 13–14 meters per second, and although the Lund study does not discuss cruising flight in particular, the most efficient flapping (7 beats per second) occurred at an airspeed in the range of 8–11 meters per second, with an amplitude of 90–100° (17–19 cm). And there was much rejoicing Averaging the above numbers and plugging them in to the Strouhal equation for cruising flight (fA/U = 7 beats per second * 0.18 meters per beat / 9.5 meters per second) yields a Strouhal number of roughly 0.13: ... indicating a surprisingly efficient flight pattern falling well below the expected range of 0.2–0.4. Although a definitive answer would of course require further measurements, published species-wide averages of wing length and body mass, initial Strouhal estimates based on those averages and cross-species comparisons, the Lund wind tunnel study of birds flying at a range of speeds, and revised Strouhal numbers based on that study all lead me to estimate that the average cruising airspeed velocity of an unladen European Swallow is roughly 11 meters per second, or 24 miles an hour. What is the capital of Assyria? For those looking for additional answers, the four capitals of Assyria were Ashur (or Qalat Sherqat), Calah (or Nimrud), the short-lived Dur Sharrukin (or Khorsabad), and Nineveh.8 The ruins of all four ancient cities fall within the modern state of Iraq. References Thank to everyone who has written in with comments and questions. Responses are posted here, along with a revised estimate from Dr Graham K. Taylor, and some alternate theories. 1. Chris & Tilde Stuart Birds of Africa: From Seabirds to Seed-Eaters MIT Press (1999) 2. G. L. Maclean Roberts’ Birds of Southern Africa John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town, South Africa (1985) 3. Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Eric Idle, Terry Gilliam, Terry Jones, Michael Palin Monty Python and the Holy Grail Python (Monty) Pictures Ltd. (1975) 4. Avian Demography Unit SAFRING results of the European Swallow (Hirundo rustica) Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town (2002) 5. Graham K. Taylor, Robert L. Nudds, Adrian L. R. Thomas Flying and swimming animals cruise at a Strouhal number tuned for high power efficiency Nature 425, 707–711 (October 16, 2003) 6. Email correspondence with Graham K. Taylor of the University of Oxford Zoology Department (October 22–23, 2003) 7. Kirsty J. Park, Mikael Rosén, Anders Hedenström Flight kinematics of the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) over a wide range of speeds in a wind tunnel The Journal of Experimental Biology 204, 2741–2750 (2001) 8. Ashur Cherry Assyrian History The Mesopotamian Encyclopedia (2001) Matt….you’ve got too much time on your hands!!! Internal and External Building and Colour Consultant Online - Worldwide http://www.denovoconcepts.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 16Sep 17, 2007 9:07 pm LOL ... Gotta love google!! I have reverted to username - mattwalker Carlisle Homes - Grande 43 My building experience is here: http://www.ourgrandeplan.blogspot.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 17Sep 17, 2007 9:07 pm Q) Is there such a thing as too many colours??
A) Yes….. Too many colours can make you feel uneasy. You will never be able to concentrate on any one feature or element at a time. Your eye will always be drawn else where. To create a classy and relaxed feel to your home you need to keep your colours minimal, using colours that complement each other only. Always take into consideration your furnishing as well, they will also add colour to the whole design and scheme. Internal and External Building and Colour Consultant Online - Worldwide http://www.denovoconcepts.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 18Sep 17, 2007 9:09 pm Q) Is there such a thing as two colours that just don't go together?
A) YES – Yellow and Pink! Internal and External Building and Colour Consultant Online - Worldwide http://www.denovoconcepts.com Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 19Sep 17, 2007 9:47 pm Quote: Q) Is there such a thing as too many colours?? A) Yes….. Too many colours can make you feel uneasy. You will never be able to concentrate on any one feature or element at a time. Your eye will always be drawn else where. To create a classy and relaxed feel to your home you need to keep your colours minimal, using colours that complement each other only. Always take into consideration your furnishing as well, they will also add colour to the whole design and scheme. Ask any sixties child - or visit a 60's decor house and you'll answer that one Hey Matt - does your response also apply if the swallow is dead? Re: 10 QUESTIONS. 20Sep 18, 2007 12:20 pm Thanks all……I seem to be a few questions short!
Guess I better come up with my own! Internal and External Building and Colour Consultant Online - Worldwide http://www.denovoconcepts.com Personally, considering your layout (study/work desks in bedrooms), I don't think you have any other option but to leave NW windows and make them as big as possible e.g.… 7 10455 We had this happen to us last year and got charged a variation. Try and give away as much as you can that is usable to charity otherwise if you are in Sydney I have a… 1 4477 Not sure what council area you are in. Some LGA's allow zero lot retaining walls. This usually occurs in greenfield developments but not often in established areas. You… 1 8213 |