That's a whole another topic! As you mention, it can also depend on developer or local council requirements, and the building envelope or restrictions on said envelope!
Sometimes you can have something fairly straightforward. This was the previous block owner's overlooking plans:
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Note this novel solution, a small fence extension:
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Again, depending on council requirements, you may or may not be allowed to extend the fence height. A standard paling fence can be 1.8 or 1.9M, Geelong council allow you to extend to 2M without a special permit.
Some will allow you to have a 3M fence, but it has to be 2M inside your boundary (so you lose 2M of back yard)!
This is the Victorian Building Authority regarding siting:
https://www.vba.vic.gov.au/__data/asset ... Siting.pdf
This briefly covers overlooking, overshadowing, placement of windows, private areas, etc. Well worth reading!